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| Automatic Pilot is a control device that keeps a ship
steering automatically on a given course. The automatic
pilot contains a set of gyroscopes that provide
references for the ship's course. Sensors detect when the
ship deviates from this course and send signals to the
control surfaces the rudder to take the appropriate
action. Most ships cruise on automatic pilot, also called
autopilot, for much of the time. Gyroscope is a mechanical instrument, used as a stabilizing device and consisting, in its simplest form, of a heavy wheel mounted on an axis fixed in a ring that can be rotated about another axis, which is also fixed in a ring capable of rotation about a third axis. Applications of the gyroscope principle include the gyrocompass, the gyropilot for automatic steering, and gyro-directed torpedoes. The components of the gyroscope are arranged so that the three axes of rotation in any position pass through the wheel's center of gravity. The wheel is thus capable of rotation about three mutually perpendicular axes, and its axis may take up any direction. If the axis of the spinning wheel is displaced, a restoring movement develops, returning it to its initial direction. The possibility of transmitting the indications of the master compass enormously increases the advantage of the gyro compass. By its means an automatic steering device can be used to operate the steering gear and take the place of the human quartermaster. These gyro pilots or automatic helmsmen are now in ships all over the world, and of all types, and once set on their course, they will maintain it with unfailing accuracy for an indefinite period, and in practically any weather. This equipment is so sensitive that it detects departures from the set course before they can be noticed by the human eye, and by applying just the right amount of rudder in each case it uses less helm and steers a straighter course more consistently than the best of helmsmen. This results is a slight increase in speed, an appreciable reduction in fuel consumption, and less wear and tear on the steering engine. The quartermaster can be relieved from steering and employed on ship's maintenance and routine duties about the bridge. |
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