Bioluminescence
	Generation
	The bioluminescence of the sea, formerly termed 'phosphorescence' because phosphorus was the subject of earliest investigations, is one of the most remarkable of natural phenomena. The light is due to a variety of organisms, from microscopic marine life to many forms of deep-sea fish. The peculiarity of the light is that it is generated very efficiently with negligible waste of energy as heat. Its production is attributed to biochemical reactions which, though apparently automatic in the lower forms of life, are under nervous hormonal control in the higher forms.
	Types and extent
	A number of different types of the phenomena are at present recognised: 'Milky Sea'. A constant, even white glow. Especially prevalent in the Arabian Sea. Uneven 'sparkling' patches of regular bands. Flashing patches. Patches apparently expanding and contracting. 'Disturbed water luminescence'. Seen in breaking waves, etc., only. Luminous masses apparently coming to the surface and 'exploding' to light up a large area. 'Phosphorescent wheels'.: Beams of light moving quickly over the sea, often apparently revolving about a centre. One or more 'wheels' may occur simultaneously, rotating in the same or opposite directions. Apparently confined to the Indian Ocean N of the equator and the China Seas. Patches of luminescence 'travelling' more or less quickly over the sea surface. Light-stimulated luminescence. Discrete blobs or 'shapes', as from large creatures. Research has shown that marine bioluminescence may occur anywhere, but it is most frequent in the warmer tropical seas. In the Arabian Sea it exhibits a maximum in August. In the North Atlantic some regions show maxims in summer, others in spring.